Some patterns of obtaining a radiant

2022-01-30

All articles/Radiant, second magnetic field

Some patterns of obtaining a radiant. At this stage in the development of alternative science, the radiant means many of its manifestations: spin separation of charges, displacement current and static electricity with electric field vector perpendicular to the conductor, second magnetic field and longitudinal wave, cold current and positron energy. Moreover, the positron, in this case, is not an electronic antiparticle, but an electron with a positive, or less negative, charge. It is believed that this term was first introduced by Nikola Tesla, who worked a lot with radiant energy, devoted some of his patents to it [1-2], but did not leave us an exact definition of this phenomenon. . In this work, we will show how you can get a manifestation of this unusual energy in your laboratory, using a relatively inexpensive and affordable modern element base, due to which such experiments became possible. For example, a piece of ordinary copper wire, a high-speed Schottky diode and a mosfet transistor will be used as a radiant source. By transforming the scheme of the experiment, we get the famous radiant "Bedini impulses" [3], to which measuring equipment reacts unusually, and which can effectively charge batteries. Also, here we will see some regularities in the operation of such schemes, which will allow us to look at this phenomenon from a more general position and, perhaps they will help in the long term to calculate free energy generators in an academic way. . Some modern researchers argue that ordinary copper wire can work like a whole power plant, because it contains a huge number of free electrons. And, if they are properly organized, then you can get additional energy directly from copper or any other metal. It is interesting that in our installation we will receive all the effects using a piece of copper wire , on the length and other data of which many output parameters of the circuit will depend. In Figure 1a, such a wire is shown as an inductance L0, but in essence it is not one in this circuit. L0 is more reminiscent of Tesla's U-shaped bus, by applying pulses from the arrester to it, the experimenter made the light bulbs connected to it glow [4]. In our installation according to schemes 0 and 0, as such a bus, a piece of thick copper wire 0 cm long and 0 mm in diameter along the core will be used. Dependence on different conductor length will be shown below. .

On the L0 bus, through the VT0 key, short pulses are supplied from the +U power source. A special 0 VD0 is installed between it and the bus, which, in the general case, can consist of several of the same ones . Without such a diode, which has special parameters, the effect does not appear at all, or it appears very weakly. Schottky diodes with a low charge and a high reverse recovery rate are well suited as a radiant detector, the unusual properties of which are well described in [5]. Also, for maximum effect, a key transistor VT0 with high slew rate parameters is required. . Oscillograms. Let's first look at the waveforms of these unusual processes. The supply voltage of circuit 1a is 0 volts, the current consumption is 0 mA. The oscilloscope is in the "DC" position. Generator G0 supplies pulses with a duration of about 0 ns and a frequency of 0 kHz to the gate of the key VT0. On its drain, we receive pulses with an amplitude of about 0 V, and approximately the same constant component . Note that this component is approximately 0 times higher than the power supply voltage, which is impossible from the point of view of classical radio electronics. Here it is necessary to recall that the radiant pulses do not accurately reflect modern instruments, but the constant component is presented here correctly, as can be seen, using a standard RC circuit, and measure the voltage after it. .

If, instead of one detector diode VD0, two are used, connected in series, then the constant component will increase . Each diode in series adds about 0-55 volts to the DC output signal. In any case, this applies to the following brand: . . An interesting observation is the inclusion of VD0 and L0 in reverse . In this case, the output characteristics of the radiant look slightly better than in the first variant. If the inductance of the drain circuit is large enough, for example, an inductor is installed in its gap , then the radiant effect can be greatly reduced. The way out of this can be to close this inductance with a secondary winding, after which the radiant effect is restored again, although the current consumption of the circuit, in this case, may increase. . It could be assumed that the positive constant bias obtained in circuit 0, at its output XS0, can be formed due to the EMF of self-induction of the conductor L0, and the conductor itself acts as a microstrip line with lumped parameters [6]. But then the frequency of operation, given its length of 0 cm, will be calculated in gigahertz, which will not be allowed to reach capacities that are located at both ends of this line: output and through capacity VT0 and VD0, representing almost zero resistance for that frequency. The second option, L0, is a microstrip line with distributed parameters, at the ends of which there are current nodes. This option is more plausible, but where does the high constant offset on XS0 come from? In addition, in this case, the maximum electric field should be observed at the center L0, but the field is approximately the same along the entire length of this conductor. This means that we are dealing with a completely new phenomenon!. How to customize the layout. If any details are used for such a scheme, then, most likely, the radiant effect will not be achieved. Also, you will need to properly configure the scheme. You will need a G0 short pulse generator, with the ability to adjust them at least starting from 0 ns, regardless of their frequency. The author applied , when setting the switches SA0-SA0 to the position where the generator gives the maximum number of pulses, without pauses. At the output of this generator, it is very important to use a transistor with a high voltage rise rate and a relatively large switching current. Such a transistor fit well: , only from the whole batch of 0 pieces, I had to choose one that gives the best performance . The detector diode must have a low throughput capacitance, a high response speed, and a relatively large pulse current. The author used the following Schottky diode: . . The schema is set up like this. The supply voltage of the circuit on XS0 is set to about 0 volts, and the pulse duration of the generator G0 is made minimal. Then the oscilloscope finds the maximum constant component of the output voltage at the XS0 pin by increasing the pulse duration and changing the supply voltage. The maximum is reached only at certain values of these parameters. It should be noted here that the maxima will be periodically repeated even at long pulse durations, but in other cases, the current consumption of the circuit increases sharply. Therefore, it is important to find exactly the first maximum. . The author noticed the following patterns when searching for optimal values: \[t \sim {\ell \cdot C \over U^{3/2}} Here: \ - pulse duration, \ - line length L0, \ - total capacitance, composed of output capacitances VT0 and VD0, \ - circuit supply voltage. \[U_{XS1} \sim {\sqrt{C}} Here: \ is the constant component at the output of the XS0 circuit with the optimal values of the parameters from the previous formula. Those. the optimal constant component almost does not depend on the supply voltage, L0 parameters, but strongly depends on the output capacitance, which we will need further. These formulas turn out to be correct when choosing the optimal supply voltage for the circuit. . Transforming the schema. We can add another wire, L0, to the source of the output transistor VT0, but it should be, from experience, shorter in length than the wire in L0 . Also, you can try to wind the L0 wire into a coil and even insert a small ferrite core into it. All this leads to a small self-excitation of the circuit, which gives an increase in the radiant effect, though due to an increase in current consumption. The main thing here is not to overdo it with the inductance L0, because with it, the circuit becomes unstable in operation. .

Before moving on to the next circuit conversion, let's reduce the frequency of G0 to 0 Hz and look at the output waveform . Here we see a classic discharge of a certain capacity, apparently formed by p-n junctions VT0 and VD0. Already from this we can conclude that one of the purposes of the circuit is a relatively fast charge of the capacitance! We will use this assumption below. .

We return the oscillator frequency to 0 kHz, add a capacitor C0 to the output of our circuit and increase the supply voltage to 0 volts. In this case, the current consumption of the circuit will increase, but now it is possible to increase the limit values of the constant component on XS0. In addition, when calculating the energy that this capacitor receives after charging, and then comparing it with the energy expended, we get a gain of about 0 times. But here a lot depends on the quality of the transistor VT0 and the diode VD0, which in this case must be selected in the form of assemblies, as shown in Figure 5a-5b. . In series with the capacitor C0, we set the resistance Rn , connect the oscilloscope in parallel with this resistance and look at the waveforms . In this case, the yellow beam is set to the XS0 output, the blue beam is set to the drain VT0. Judging by the oscillogram, we received a rather powerful pulse at a very small resistance: the pulse amplitude is about 0 volts at a resistance of 0 Ohm. .

Here we can draw a direct analogy with the Brazilian patent [7], where the same principle of fast charging of large capacities is applied. Only there the capacitors are discharged to the motor, which should also be further investigated: perhaps the inductive load option is more efficient. . Bedini impulses. Let's introduce some changes into the circuit and add a VD0 diode there, the function of which will be to ensure that only positive pulses are passed to the circuit output. And connect the battery to the output itself . Here you need to pay attention to the fact that the battery must be connected between VD0 and 0. Since the formation of radiant pulses is no longer going on here, the VD0 diode can be generally speaking, anything with a large surge current and a suitable reverse voltage, for example: . . The author tested lead-acid batteries at 4V and 0 mAh. Interestingly, even those batteries that have lain in a discharged state for a long time are suitable for this scheme, and, as you know, such batteries cannot be restored. Radiant pulses restore their work. But it is necessary to warn researchers who will repeat similar schemes and charge their batteries with radiant pulses: new batteries will have to be trained several times until they get used to the new energy for them. This was repeatedly mentioned by John Bedini himself [3]. In addition, the battery capacity may no longer be the one that was registered in the passport. Such a battery is more like a capacitor with a high internal resistance, the charge of which is constantly being restored, like an electret [8]. The conclusions of such a battery can even be shorted to each other, which will not greatly affect its capacity. . It is not necessary, but such a battery, immediately after charging, can sometimes show a voltage drop, but when the load is connected, after a while, it will restore its characteristics. This effect is especially pronounced for previously non-recoverable batteries. . Conclusions. Subject to certain parameters and patterns, radiant energy can be obtained even on a classical circuit with a key, a diode, and a load in the form of a piece of conductor. The radiant energy itself is well perceived by ordinary capacitors and can accumulate in them. . In this work, circuit options for obtaining a radiant and some patterns were shown when choosing an element base, including in the form of mathematical formulas. The general approach to the choice of parts, found out as a result of such experiments, is to search for high-speed semiconductors. For example, for a switching transistor and a detector diode, a high slew rate and recovery time are very important. The better these parameters are, the better the manifestation of the radiant effect will be. . Also, an important characteristic turned out to be the pulse duration at which the key transistor VT0 is open. It is necessary to achieve the minimum duration of this pulse when the first maximum of a constant positive bias at the output of the circuit is reached. Subsequent maxima will appear with a multiple increase in the pulse length, but will only affect the increase in current consumption. . .