2019-04-01
A charged high voltage capacitor and atmospheric electricity
This article is a continuation of a series of experiments with a charged high voltage capacitor. Here we will improve one of them and bring it to the working circuitry of the device. In these experiments we are talking about using the electricity produced and its disposal — through the creation of additional capacity. It should be recalled that under the atmospheric electricity we are going to involve not only the electric field on the surface of the Earth, but her charge is a very important point for understanding the principle of operation of subsequent circuits. Also, we assume that the capacitor C1 is always charged (see Fig. 2). Its design and charging method we discussed in the previous part.
![]() Fig.2. The experimental setup and the scheme of installation with the use of atmospheric electricity |
Let me redraw the diagram in Fig. 1c so that the ground wire, which in turn were offered by the operator to the plates of the capacitor is now connected in the same way, but with the help of contacts of the switch SW1 (Fig. 2a). We will continue to spark discharges between the contacts of this key.
Recall that the plus on the diagram next to the symbol of the capacitor C1, means, the polarity of the charge on its plates.
This effect can be improved by connecting to the negative electrode C1 and the primary winding high-voltage transformer TV1. A second terminal of the coil will connect with an intimate capacity Cs, which may be of a ball or toroid (Fig. 2b). Then, in the lower position according to the diagram of the key contact SW1, Cs is negatively charged relative to the earth and will attract positively charged particles of the atmosphere on one side and negative charges through the circuit of the primary winding TV1 and C1 on the other. In this case, the secondary winding of the TV1 there will be a short pulse, which passes through the load Rn in the form of a current pulse.
For the experiments, the load can be connected to two counter included a powerful led. They will visually indicate ongoing processes.
When the key contact SW1 will move to the upper position, the secluded capacity will razlagalsa through the primary winding TV1, again giving momentum to the secondary. After that, the charge Cs will be neutral relative to the atmosphere and the earth. Then, the key contact SW1 will move to the lower position and the cycle would repeat again.
As TV1 is ideal Tesla transformer (TT), but the fit and any other high-voltage transformer. It is very important good insulation between primary and secondary windings. By the way, on the diagram they appear not quite in the usual way: the primary high voltage and secondary low voltage that is consistent with the logic of the processes. And TT works here like the other way around: the potential is applied at its high-voltage part and the low voltage is removed.
Increases the frequency of the
What would be optimal switching frequency of the key SW1 and is it possible to increase the potential on a secluded capacity, thus further pulling free of the atmospheric charges. At the same time — answer the question and perform this condition can classic TT if the frequency of prikluchenia SW1 is equal to the resonant frequency of the transformer. Then, due to wave processes we will be able to get at his hot end (upper scheme) increased potential. By the way, due to this you can reduce the voltage on the capacitor C1. The author worked out the operation of the device at a voltage of only 3kV. At this stage it is difficult to assess, but most likely this will reduce the capture efficiency of the atmospheric charges.
To calculate the Tesla coil and secluded capacity in a specialty calculator.
Of course, capacitor C1 will eventually discharge. To maintain its charge to date you can use the high-voltage Converter BV1 and diode VD1 (Fig. 2c). Block BV1, through the switch SW2 periodically connects to a power source and GB1 through the diode recharges the capacitor. This will be the energy cost of the installation job. The principle of its operation can be compared to the thermal compressor, which by means of its external radiators collects ambient low-grade heat, concentrates it and sends it then in the right direction.
Thus, the last figure we have got the scheme completely working device. The only thing we do not discuss here in detail — how to organize the switch contacts SW1 which keys to use and how to manage them. The development of this unit we leave to our readers.
When conducting experiments or creating a working prototype requires the implementation of certain requirements.
- TV1 secondary winding should be well isolated from the primary and to form with her, if possible, minimum capacity. If this transformer uses the classic TT that all of these requirements are already taken into account.
- The circuit formed by C1 and VD1, must have very good connections with the earth. The same applies to the circuit associated with GB1, SW2 and the input of the BV1.
- Between the input and output BV1 must also be a good isolator, and here it should be even better than in the previous paragraph.
- In the permanent device must be installed protection against atmospheric discharges.
Also don't forget about the losses that will arise mainly due to leakage through the sharp bends of wires and connections, and through the possible irregularities on the surface secluded capacity. So here is fully applicable rules for the installation of microwave equipment.
About the possible distribution of electric charge in matney of the Earth, read here.
The materials used
- Wikipedia. The Tesla Transformer.